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Home: Our Faculty: Brooklyn College Faculty:

Kenneth A. Gould

Professor   Department: Sociology   Location: 3612 James Hall   Phone: 718-951-5314   Fax: 718-951-4639   Email:

Gould is professor and chairperson, Sociology Department, Brooklyn College, and professor of sociology, and earth and environmental sciences, CUNY Graduate Center. His work focuses on the political economy of environment, technology and development, and is best known for its contribution to the development of the Treadmill of Production model of socioenvironmental dynamics. He has published numerous articles examining the responses of communities to environmental problems, the role of socioeconomic inequality in environmental conflicts and the impacts of economic globalization on efforts to achieve sustainable development trajectories. He is co-author of Environment and Society: The Enduring Conflict, Local Environmental Struggles, The Treadmill of Production: Injustice and Unsustainability in the Global Economy and Twenty Lessons in Environmental Sociology. His recent work examines ecotourism, labor environmentalism, ecodisaster and green gentrification. Education: Ph.D., Northwestern University - 1991 (Sociology) M.A., Northwestern University - 1986 (Sociology) B.G.S., University of Michigan - 1984 Areas of Expertise: Sustainable development, environmental justice, technology and socioenvironmental change, globalization and environment. Books and Publications Gould, Kenneth A. and Tammy L. Lewis. "Transnational Social Movements." The International Studies Encyclopedia. Ed. Robert A. Denemark. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. (Books and Publications: Chapter) 2010 Gould, Kenneth and Patrice LeClerc. "The USA PATRIOT Act and the Future of U.S. Social Movements." Anti-Terrorism: Security and Insecuirty After 9/11. Ed. Sandra Rollings-Magnusson. McGill-Queens University Press. (Books and Publications: Chapter) 2009 "Technological Change and the Environment." Twenty Lessons in Environmental Sociology. Eds. Kenneth A. Gould and Tammy L. Lewis. Oxford University Press. (Books and Publications: Chapter) 2008 Gould, Kenneth and Tammy L. Lewis. "Sustainable Development." Twenty Lessons in Environmental Sociology. Eds. Kenneth A. Gould and Tammy L. Lewis. Oxford University Press. (Books and Publications: Chapter) 2008 Gould, Kenneth and Tammy L. Lewis. Twenty Lessons in Environmental Sociology. Oxford University Press. (Books and Publications: Edited Book) 2008 Gould, Kenneth, David Naguib Pellow and Allan Schnaiberg. The Treadmill of Production: Injustice and Unsustainability in the Global Economy. Paradigm Publishers. (Books and Publications: Book) 2008 "The Ecological Costs of Militarization." Peace Review 19 (3), July: 331-34. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 2007 Gould, Kenneth and Tammy Lewis. "Viewing the Wreckage: Eco-Disaster Tourism in the Wake of Katrina." Societies Without Borders 2 (2), July. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 2007 "Promoting Sustainability." Public Sociologies Reader. Eds. Judith Blau and Keri Iyall Smith. Rowman and Littlefield. (Books and Publications: Chapter) 2006 Gould, Kenneth and Frederick H. Buttel. "The Environmental Trajectory of the Anti-Corporate Globalization Movement." Global Social Change: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Eds. Chris Chase-Dunn and Salvatore Babones. (Books and Publications: Chapter) 2006 "Os Deuses de Coisas Pequenas: O Poder Insitutional da Nanotecnoloia e a Dinamica." Nanotecnoloia, Sociedade e Meio Ambiente. Ed. Paulo Roberto Martins. São Paulo: Associação Editorial Humanitas. 244-55. (Books and Publications: Chapter) 2005 Gould, Kenneth, Tammy Lewis and J. Timmons Roberts. "Blue-Green Coalitions: Constraints and Possibilities in the Post 9-11 Political Environment." Transforming Globalization: Challenges and Opportunities in the Post 9/11 Era. Eds. Bruce Podobnik and Thomas Reifer. Brill Academic Press. (Books and Publications: Chapter) 2005 Gould, Kenneth, David Naguib Pellow and Allan Schnaiberg. "Interrogating the Treadmill of Production: Everything You Wanted to Know about the Treadmill but Were Afraid to Ask." Organization and Environment 17 (3), September. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 2004 "Classe Social, Justiça Ambiental e Conflito Politico." Justiça Ambiental e Cidadania. Eds. José Augusto Pádua, Henri Acselrad and Selene Herculano. Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumara. 69-80. (Books and Publications: Chapter) 2003 "Oil and National Security." From the Left 24 (2), Spring/Summer. (Books and Publications: Other Article) 2003 "Transnational Environmentalism, Power and Development in Belize." Belizean Studies 25 (2), September: 59-70. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 2003 Review of Fury for the Sound, Fisheries: Beyond the Crisis, and Varmints. Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal 13 (9). January 2001. (Books and Publications: Book Review) 2001 Review of The Politics of Ecosystem Management, Controlling Technocracy: Citizen Rationality and the NIMBY Syndrome, and Hazardous Wastes in Rural America: Impacts, Implications, and Options for Rural Communities. Rural Sociology 67 (1), September. (Books and Publications: Book Review) 2001 Review of Dying for Growth: Global Inequality and the Health of the Poor. Eds. Kim, Millen, Irwin, and Gresham. Socialist Studies Bulletin 60, April-May-June. (Books and Publications: Book Review) 2000 "Tactical Tourism: A Comparative Analysis of Rainforest Development in Ecuador and Belize." Organization and Environment 12 (3), September: 245-62. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 1999 "Response to Eric J. Krieg's The Two Faces of Toxic Waste: Trends in the Spread of Environmental Hazards." Sociological Forum 13 (1), March: 21-23. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 1998 Gould, Kenneth A. and Theodore H. Tsoukalas. "Environmentalism and Organizational Dissent Within the State." Humanity and Society 21 (3), August: 284-306. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 1997 Review of The Environmental Promise of Democratic Deliberation, by Adolph G. Gunderson. Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal 1997. (Books and Publications: Book Review) 1997 Gould, Kenneth, Allan Schnaiberg and Adam Weinberg. Local Environmental Struggles: Citizen Activism in the Treadmill of Production. Cambridge University Press. (Books and Publications: Book) 1996 Gould, Kenneth, Allan Schnaiberg and Adam Weinberg. "Recycling: Conserving Resources or Accelerating the Treadmill of Production?" Advances in Human Ecology 4: 173-205. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 1995 Gould, Kenneth, Schnaiberg and Adam Weinberg. "Natural Resource Use in a Transnational Treadmill: International Agreements, National Citizenship Practices, and Sustainable Development." Humbolt Journal of Social Relations 2 (1): 61-93. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 1995 Review of EcoPopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement for Environmental Justice, by Andrew Szasz. Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal 8 (4), August. (Books and Publications: Book Review) 1995 "Legitimacy and Growth in the Balance: The Role of the State in Environmental Remediation" Industrial and Environmental Crisis Quarterly 8 (3), June: 237-56. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 1994 Gould, Kenneth and Allan Schnaiberg. Environment and Society: The Enduring Conflict. New York: St. Martin's Press. Translated and published by Minerva Shobo in Japan, 1999. Republished in the United States by Blackburn Press, 2000. (Books and Publications: Book) 1994 "Pollution and Perception: Social Visibility and Local Environmental Political Mobilization." Qualitative Sociology 16 (2), Summer: 157-78. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 1993 Gould, Kenneth and Adam Weinberg. "Public Participation in Environmental Regulatory Conflicts: Treading through the Possibilities and Pitfalls." Law and Policy 15 (2), April: 139-67. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 1993 "Putting the (W)R.A.P.s on Public Participation: Remedial Action Planning and Working-Class Power in the Great Lakes." Sociological Practice Review 3 (3), July: 133-39. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 1992 "The Sweet Smell of Money: Economic Dependency and Local Environmental Political Mobilization." Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal 4 (2), April-June: 133-50. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 1991 "The Politicization of Science in the Environmental Impact Statement Process." Wisconsin Sociologist 25 (4), fall: 139-43. (Books and Publications: Peer Reviewed Article) 1988 Creative Work Cover photo, Por Uma Sociologia Publica, by Ruy Braga and Michael Burawoy. Alamaeda. 2009 Gould, Kenneth, David Naguib Pellow and Allan Schnaiberg. Cover photo and multiple images, The Treadmill of Production: Injustice and Unsustainability in the Global Economy. Paradigm Publishers. 2008 Photograph in "World Marches," Critical Asian Studies 40 (3), September: 345. 2008 Cover photo in Critical Moment 20, January-February. 2007 Gould, Kenneth A. and Tammy L. Lewis. Multiple photographs, "Viewing the Wreckage: Eco-Disaster Tourism in the Wake of Katrina," Societies Without Borders 2 (2), July. 2007 Multiple images and cover photo, Public Sociologies Reader. Eds. Judith Blau and Keri Iyall Smith. Rowman and Littlefield. 2006 Multiple images of post-Katrina New Orleans, The Southern Sociologist 37 (4), Spring. 2006 "UAW Local" photograph. Mål och Medel 4 (Stockholm), April. 2005 "Hard Lock-Down" photograph. Contexts 2 (4), Fall. 2003 Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums "Barriers to Environmental Justice: Why That 'Hopey-Changey Thing' Isn't Working" keynote speech, Nature, Ecology & Society Colloquium, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, March. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2010 "Sustainability Requires Environmental Justice: How Unions Can Play a Role," PSC-CUNY, New York, May 19. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2010 Deep South Center for Environmental Justice Research Roundtable on Public Policy, Dillard University, New Orleans, April 14-15. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2010 Gould, Kenneth and Tammy L. Lewis. "The Environmental Injustice of Green Gentrification: Socioecological Change in the Neighborhoods of Brooklyn," CPC Conference: "Public Health, Human Prosperity, and Justice: Public Policy in the African Diaspora," Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, February. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2010 "Pollution, Perception, and Politics," Nature, Ecology & Society Colloquium, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, March. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2009 "The Environmental Injustice of Green Gentrification," SUNY New Paltz, March. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2009 Gould, Kenneth and Tammy Lewis. "The Environmental Injustice of Green Gentrification: Socioecological Change in the Neighborhoods of Brooklyn," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 2009 Gould, Kenneth and Tammy Lewis. "Transnational Social Movements," annual convention of the International Studies Association, New York, February. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 2009 Gould, Kenneth, Allan Schnaiberg and David N. Pellow. "Treadmill Realities Versus Sustainability Fantasies: A Critical Prediction," annual conference of the Sociological Imagination Group, Boston, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2008 Gould, Kenneth, Tammy Lewis and J. Timmons Roberts. "Warming Climate? Labor-Environmentalist Relations and the Global Climate Crisis," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Boston, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 2008 Gould, Kenneth and Patrice LeClerc. "The USA PATRIOT Act and the Future of Social Movements," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Montreal, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 2006 Gould, Kenneth, Tammy Lewis and J. Timmons Roberts. "Divide to Conquer? Union Schisms and New Opportunities for Environmentalist-Labor Coalition Formation," annual meetings of the Eastern Sociological Association, Boston, February. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 2006 "Environmental Justice as a Redistributive Strategy for Structural Change" panel presentation, 5th World Social Forum, Porto Alegre, Brazil, January. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2005 "Small, Not Beautiful: Nanotechnology and the Treadmill of Production," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Philadelphia, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 2005 "The Gods of Small Things: Nanotechnology, Institutional Power and the Environment," First International Seminar on Nanotechnology, Society and Environment, University of São Paulo, October. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2004 Gould, Kenneth, Tammy Lewis and J. Timmons Roberts. "From Blue-Green Coalitions to Blue-Green Partnerships? Creating Enduring Institutions through Just Transition, Climate Justice and the World Social Forum," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 2004 "Class Origins and Class Conflicts: The Historical Roots and Future Trajectories of Labor-Environmentalist Coalitions," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 2003 "The Global Trajectory of Environmental Justice," Rensselear Polytechnic Institute's Environmental Social Movements Workshop, sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology Studies, Troy, New York, September. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2003 Gould, Kenneth, J. Timmons Roberts and Tammy Lewis. "Turtles Love Teamsters: or Do They?: Conflict and Cooperation Between Unions and Environmentalists in the United States," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Chicago, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 2002 "Ecotourism, Commodification and the Sustainability of Place," ASA PEWS and E&T sections' mini-conference on Globalization and Environment: Prospects and Perils, Anaheim, California, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2001 "Paradise Paradox: Transnational Ecotourism, Globalization and Sustainability," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Anaheim, California, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 2001 "Ecotourism and Rural Development: Rainforest Protection and Employment Structures in Western Belize," International Rural Sociological Association's World Congress, Rio de Janeiro, July/August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 2000 "Sustainability Across Borders," International Sociological Association's RC-24 mini-conference/symposium on Sociological Reflections on Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 2000 "Consuming Rainforests: A Political Economy of Nature Tourism in Ecuador and Belize," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Chicago, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1999 "Tactical Tourism: A Comparative Analysis of Rainforest Development in Ecuador and Belize," annual meetings of the Caribbean Studies Association, Panama City, Panama, May. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1999 "Environment, Extraction, and Employment in the Adirondacks: Nature Tourism in New York's North Woods," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1998 "Nature Tourism and Rural Development: Environment, Extraction, and Employment," annual meetings of the Western Social Science Association, Denver, April. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1998 "Nature Tourism and Sustainability: Local Exchange and Extralocal Use in a Transnational Economy," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Toronto, Canada, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1997 "Tourism and Sustainability: Seeking Ecological and Economic Balance in the Rural Periphery," International Symposium on Human Dimensions of Natural Resource Management in the Americas, Belize City, Belize, February. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1997 "Transnational Trade Deregulation: A Collision Course with Sustainable Development," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Washington D.C., August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1995 Gould, Kenneth and Theodore Tsoukalas. "Environmentalism and Organizational Dissent: An Analysis of Micro-Macro Links in the Production of Social Change." annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Washington, D.C., August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1995 "Sustainability and the State: Economic Transnationalization and Sustainable Development in the Rural Periphery," Conference on the Politics of Sustainable Development: Theory, Policy and Practice within the European Union, University of Crete, Greece, October. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1994 "Transnational Problems, National Policy, and Local Mobilization: Environment Remediation in the Great Lakes Basin" panel presentation, Political Ecology Workshop, Michigan State University, East Lansing, April. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1994 "Environmental Conflict in Comparative Contexts: Methodological Strategies for Socio-Environmental Research," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Miami, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1993 "Different Roots, Similar Fruits: Great Lakes Environmentalism in the U.S. and Canada," Fourth North American Symposium on Society and Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, May. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1992 "Doing as Little as Politics Will Allow: Great Lakes Pollution Sites and the Limits of Local Control," Fourth North American Symposium on Society and Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, May. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1992 "Legitimating Growth: The Role of the State in Environmental Remediation," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Pittsburgh, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1992 Gould, Kenneth, Allan Schnaiberg and Adam Weinberg. "Losing the Environmental Battle but Winning the Legitimacy War: A Revisionist Analysis of "The Environmental Movement," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Pittsburgh, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1992 "Pollution and Perception: The Impact of the Social Visibility of Pollutants on Local Environmental Political Mobilization," annual meetings of the Midwest Sociological Society, Des Moines, Iowa, April. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1991 "Putting the (W)R.A.P.s on Public Participation: Remedial Action Planning and Working-Class Power in the Great Lakes," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Cincinnati, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1991 "Saving the Environment: Whose Investment? Whose Return?" panel presentation, annual James B. McKee Symposium on Critical Social Issues, Michigan State University, May. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Invited Talk) 1991 Gould, Kenneth and Adam Weinberg. "Who Mobilizes Whom?: The Role of National and Regional Social Movement Organizations In Local Environmental Political Mobilization," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Cincinnati, August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1991 "Extraction, Environment and Development: How Has Uranium Extraction Constrained Future Economic Development on the Laguna-Pueblo Reservation?" annual meetings of the Midwest Sociological Society, Chicago, April. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1990 "The Sweet Smell of Money: The Impact of Economic Dependency on Local Environmental Political Mobilization," annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Washington, D.C., August. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1990 "Grass Roots Environmentalism in Canada: Responses to pollution in Great Lakes Communities," annual meetings of the Midwest Sociological Society, St. Louis, April. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1989 "The Politicization of Science in the E.I.S. Process," annual meetings of the Midwest Sociological Society, Minneapolis, March. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1988 "The Devolution of a Concept: 'Appropriate' Technology in a Third World Context," annual meetings of the Midwest Sociological Society, Chicago, March. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1987 "Urban Tanzania: A History of Foreign Planning," annual meetings of the Midwest Sociological Society, Des Moines, Iowa, March. (Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums: Conference Presentation) 1986 Professional Leadership Secretary/Treasurer, American Sociological Association Section on Environment and Technology, 2000-03. (Professional Leadership: Organizational Leadership Position) 2000 Member of Council, American Sociological Association Section on Environment and Technology, 1992-95. (Professional Leadership: Organizational Leadership Position) 1992 Pedagogical Achievements Syllabus for "Environmental Movements." Syllabi and Instructional Material in Environmental Sociology, 6th edition. Ed. Michael Mascarenhas. Washington, D.C.: American Sociological Association. 2007 Syllabus for "Environmental Sociology." Environmental Sociology: Syllabi and Instructional Material, 4th edition. Eds. Rik Scarce and David Smith. Washington, D.C.: American Sociological Association. 1999 Syllabus for "Globalization and Sustainability." Internationalizing Sociology in the Age of Globalization: A Curriculum Guide. Ed. Nathan Rousseau. Washington, D.C.: American Sociological Association. 1999 Syllabus for "Race, Class and Environmental Justice." Environmental Sociology: Syllabi and Instructional Material, 4th edition. Eds. Rik Scarce and David Smith. Washington, D.C.: American Sociological Association. 1999 Other Professional Activities Gould, Kenneth, Judith Blau and Alberto Moncada, series co-editors. Another World Is Necessary: Human Rights, Environmental Rights, and Popular Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield. 2008